:root {
  --navy: #0b1f3a;
  --navy-2: #14345c;
  --teal: #0f766e;
  --gold: #b7791f;
  --ink: #152033;
  --muted: #5c6a7b;
  --line: #d9dee5;
  --soft: #f7f8f8;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(11, 31, 58, 0.08);
  --radius: 8px;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--white);
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

body::before {
  display: none;
}

a {
  color: var(--teal);
  text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

h1,
h2,
h3 {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  line-height: 1.22;
}

h1 {
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  font-size: 2.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  font-size: 1.9rem;
}

h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  font-size: 1.18rem;
}

p {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

ul,
ol {
  padding-left: 1.2rem;
}

.container {
  width: min(1120px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.section {
  scroll-margin-top: 88px;
  padding: 74px 0;
}

.anchor-compat {
  position: relative;
  top: -88px;
  display: block;
  height: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
}

.band {
  background: var(--soft);
  border-block: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.nav {
  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 32px));
  min-height: 72px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
  color: var(--navy);
}

.brand:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.brand-mark {
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  color: var(--navy);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid #9da9b8;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.brand-text {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.05rem;
  min-width: 0;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.brand-k {
  font-weight: 800;
}

.brand-text small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 1.05rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.nav-links a {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
  color: var(--teal);
}

.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 62px 0 56px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--white);
}

.hero::after {
  display: none;
}

.hero .container {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 760px);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.hero-copy {
  max-width: 760px;
}

.hero-identity {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.hero-identity .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.hero-mini-brand {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--navy-2);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.hero-identity .hero-affiliation {
  color: var(--teal);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  text-transform: none;
}

.hero-subtitle {
  margin-bottom: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.hero h1 {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.4vw, 2.55rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.18;
}

.hero h1 span {
  display: inline;
}

.eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--teal);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.tagline {
  color: var(--navy-2);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.lead {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.02rem;
}

.hero .lead {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.hero-source-note {
  max-width: 660px;
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}

.hero-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 28px;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.hero-link:hover {
  color: var(--teal);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.22em;
}

.button {
  min-height: 38px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--navy);
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-align: center;
}

.button:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.button.primary {
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--navy);
}

.button.primary:hover {
  background: var(--navy-2);
}

.button.secondary {
  color: var(--navy);
  background: var(--white);
}

.button.full {
  width: 100%;
}

.section-heading {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-bottom: 1.65rem;
}

.section-heading p:last-child {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.card-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.research-theme-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1.1rem;
}

.research-theme-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 190px auto;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.research-theme-media {
  position: relative;
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #f8fafc;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-theme-media[data-fit="contain"] {
  background: #ffffff;
}

.research-theme-media img,
.research-theme-placeholder {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
}

.research-theme-media img {
  opacity: 0;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
  transition: opacity 160ms ease;
}

.research-theme-media[data-fit="contain"] img {
  padding: 0.55rem;
}

.research-theme-media img.is-loaded {
  opacity: 1;
}

.research-theme-placeholder {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 1rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(15, 118, 110, 0.1), rgba(11, 31, 58, 0.08)),
    var(--soft);
  text-align: center;
}

.research-theme-placeholder span {
  max-width: 18rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.25;
}

.research-theme-body {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  padding: 1.1rem 1.15rem 1.2rem;
}

.research-theme-title-group {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.28rem;
}

.research-theme-body h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

.research-theme-title-ko {
  color: var(--navy-2);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.research-theme-body p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
}

.research-collaborations {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  padding-top: 0.05rem;
}

.research-collaborations h4 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
}

.research-collaborations ul {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.72rem 1rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.research-collaborations li {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  min-height: 1.35rem;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
}

.research-collaborations li.has-logo {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 0;
  opacity: 0.92;
}

.research-collaborations img {
  display: block;
  width: auto;
  height: 2.1rem;
  max-width: 17rem;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.related-work {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding-top: 0.35rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(217, 222, 229, 0.75);
}

.related-work h4 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
}

.related-work ul {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.related-work li,
.related-work a {
  color: var(--navy-2);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.related-work li {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 1.85rem;
  padding: 0.22rem 0.5rem;
  background: #fbfcfd;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.related-work a:hover {
  color: var(--teal);
}

.card,
.project-card,
.publication-item,
.contact-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.card {
  padding: 1.25rem;
}

.card p {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.project-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}

.project-card {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.35rem;
}

.project-card h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.project-title-korean {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--navy-2);
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  font-weight: 760;
}

.project-description {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.project-facts {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding-top: 0.1rem;
}

.project-fact-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 8.5rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.project-facts dt {
  color: var(--teal);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 850;
}

.project-facts dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.publication-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.publication-item {
  padding: 1.25rem 1.4rem;
}

.publication-item h3 {
  padding-bottom: 0.65rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publication-item p {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.publication-note {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.94rem;
}

.citation-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.3rem;
}

.citation-list li {
  color: var(--muted);
  padding-left: 0.25rem;
}

.citation-list em {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.people-content {
  display: grid;
  gap: 2.65rem;
}

#people .section-heading {
  max-width: none;
  margin-bottom: 1.45rem;
}

#people .section-heading h2 {
  font-size: 2.45rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.people-group h3 {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: none;
}

.people-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.person-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 104px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.05rem;
  align-items: start;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 1.05rem;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.person-card-pi {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(200px, 255px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.9rem;
  padding: 1.25rem;
}

.person-card-member {
  grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.25rem;
  padding: 1rem;
}

.person-photo,
.person-placeholder {
  width: 104px;
  height: 122px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-card-pi .person-photo,
.person-card-pi .person-placeholder {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
}

.person-card-member .person-photo,
.person-card-member .person-placeholder {
  width: 190px;
  height: 210px;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.person-photo {
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.person-card-member .person-photo {
  object-position: center top;
}

.person-placeholder {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  color: var(--white);
  background: var(--navy);
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
}

.person-card h4 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 1.22rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.person-card-pi h4 {
  font-size: 1.72rem;
}

.person-korean-name,
.person-meta,
.person-training,
.person-email,
.person-links,
.person-interests {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.person-links a {
  font-weight: 750;
}

.person-training {
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
  color: var(--navy-2);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.person-role {
  margin: 0.28rem 0 0.55rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.person-bio {
  margin: 0.9rem 0 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.person-card-member .person-bio {
  margin-top: 0.65rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.person-card-pi .person-bio {
  max-width: 780px;
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.person-background {
  max-width: 780px;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
}

.person-background-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  margin: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-background-row {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.9rem 0.1rem 0;
}

.person-background-row + .person-background-row {
  padding-left: 1rem;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.person-background-list dt {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 850;
}

.person-background-list dd {
  margin: 0.1rem 0 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.empty-note,
.loading {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.gallery-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}

.gallery-card {
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color 160ms ease;
}

.gallery-card:hover {
  border-color: rgba(25, 128, 118, 0.34);
}

.gallery-card:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(25, 128, 118, 0.22);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.gallery-media {
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  background: var(--soft);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.gallery-media img,
.gallery-placeholder {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.gallery-media img {
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.gallery-placeholder {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 1.25rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  background:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82)),
    linear-gradient(rgba(11, 31, 58, 0.08) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(11, 31, 58, 0.08) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: auto, 26px 26px, 26px 26px;
  text-align: center;
}

.gallery-placeholder-label {
  max-width: 12rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.gallery-card-body {
  padding: 1rem 1.05rem 1.1rem;
}

.gallery-card-body h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.gallery-date {
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
  color: var(--teal);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.gallery-card-body p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
}

.gallery-card-footer {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.gallery-count {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 1.65rem;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  color: var(--teal);
  background: transparent;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.gallery-action {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.gallery-modal[hidden] {
  display: none;
}

.gallery-modal {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 1.5rem;
}

.gallery-modal-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(8, 20, 36, 0.58);
}

.gallery-modal-dialog {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: min(960px, 100%);
  max-height: calc(100vh - 3rem);
  overflow: auto;
  padding: 1rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226, 233, 241, 0.9);
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(8, 20, 36, 0.26);
}

.gallery-modal-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
}

.gallery-modal-heading h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.gallery-modal-date {
  color: var(--teal);
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.gallery-modal-close {
  min-height: 2.2rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  color: var(--navy);
  background: var(--white);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.gallery-modal-media {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 4.5rem minmax(0, 1fr) 4.5rem;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.gallery-modal-image-wrap {
  display: grid;
  min-height: 360px;
  max-height: min(68vh, 640px);
  place-items: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: var(--soft);
}

.gallery-modal-image-wrap img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-height: min(68vh, 640px);
  object-fit: contain;
}

.gallery-modal-placeholder {
  display: grid;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 360px;
  place-items: center;
  padding: 2rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 800;
  text-align: center;
}

.gallery-modal-nav {
  min-height: 2.75rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  color: var(--navy);
  background: var(--white);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.gallery-modal-nav:hover,
.gallery-modal-close:hover,
.gallery-modal-thumb:hover {
  border-color: rgba(25, 128, 118, 0.34);
}

.gallery-modal-caption {
  margin: 0.9rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
}

.gallery-modal-footer {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
}

.gallery-modal-count {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.gallery-modal-thumbnails {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding-bottom: 0.1rem;
}

.gallery-modal-thumb {
  width: 72px;
  height: 54px;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 0;
  border: 2px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 7px;
  background: var(--soft);
  color: var(--muted);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  cursor: pointer;
  opacity: 0.72;
}

.gallery-modal-thumb img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.gallery-modal-thumb.is-active {
  border-color: var(--teal);
  opacity: 1;
}

.gallery-modal-thumb.is-missing {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
}

.gallery-modal-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.students-section {
  padding: 44px 0 48px;
  background: #f8fafb;
  border-block: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.students-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.38fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 2.25rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 1.65rem 1.75rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 4px solid rgba(22, 126, 116, 0.5);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}

.students-heading h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

.students-heading p {
  max-width: 280px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.students-copy {
  max-width: 790px;
}

.students-copy p {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.student-note {
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
  background: #f6f9f8;
  border: 1px solid rgba(22, 126, 116, 0.16);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.student-note p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.8fr) minmax(320px, 1fr);
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.contact-card {
  padding: 1.25rem;
}

.contact-card dl {
  margin: 0;
}

.contact-card dl div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.8rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.contact-card dl div:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.contact-card dt {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.contact-card dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.site-footer {
  padding: 1.6rem 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  background: var(--navy);
}

.site-footer p {
  margin: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  h1 {
    font-size: 2.65rem;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.35rem;
  }

  .nav {
    min-height: auto;
    padding: 0.8rem 0;
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .nav-links {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    gap: 0.8rem 1rem;
  }

  .hero {
    min-height: auto;
    padding-top: 56px;
  }

  .hero-grid,
  .students-layout,
  .contact-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .students-layout {
    gap: 1.35rem;
  }

  .research-theme-grid,
  .gallery-grid,
  .project-grid,
  .people-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .container {
    width: min(100% - 28px, 1120px);
  }

  .section {
    padding: 64px 0;
  }

  .students-section {
    padding: 36px 0 40px;
  }

  .students-layout {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.1rem;
    border-left-width: 3px;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: 2.55rem;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.05rem;
    line-height: 1.1;
  }

  h2 {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
  }

  .hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
  }

  .tagline {
    font-size: 1.08rem;
  }

  .project-fact-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.15rem;
  }

  .person-background-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .person-background-row {
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  .person-background-row + .person-background-row {
    margin-top: 0.6rem;
    padding-top: 0.65rem;
    padding-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-left: 0;
  }

  #people .section-heading h2 {
    font-size: 2.05rem;
  }

  .brand-text small {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }

  .nav-links a {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }

  .person-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .person-photo,
  .person-placeholder {
    width: 96px;
    height: 112px;
  }

  .person-card-member .person-photo,
  .person-card-member .person-placeholder {
    width: min(150px, 100%);
    height: 170px;
  }

  .person-card-pi {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .person-card-pi .person-photo,
  .person-card-pi .person-placeholder {
    width: min(190px, 100%);
  }

  .gallery-card-footer {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.55rem;
  }

  .gallery-modal {
    padding: 0.75rem;
  }

  .gallery-modal-dialog {
    max-height: calc(100vh - 1.5rem);
    padding: 0.85rem;
    border-radius: 12px;
  }

  .gallery-modal-header {
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }

  .gallery-modal-close {
    padding-inline: 0.6rem;
  }

  .gallery-modal-media {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0.6rem;
  }

  .gallery-modal-image-wrap {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    grid-row: 1;
    min-height: 240px;
  }

  .gallery-modal-image-wrap img {
    max-height: 58vh;
  }

  .gallery-modal-placeholder {
    min-height: 240px;
  }

  .gallery-modal-prev {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 2;
  }

  .gallery-modal-next {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 2;
  }

  .gallery-modal-footer {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .contact-card dl div {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.25rem;
  }

  .button.full {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .hero-actions {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.6rem;
  }

  .hero-actions .button {
    width: auto;
    min-width: 9.5rem;
  }
}